Which condition involves plaque deposits narrowing the arterial lumen?

• A. Aneurysm
• B. Thrombosis
• C. Varicose veins
• D. Atherosclerosis

Answer: (D)

Atherosclerosis is the buildup of plaque within the arterial walls, which progressively narrows the inner space (the lumen) of the artery. This plaque—made up of lipids, calcium, and fibrous tissue—thickens the arterial wall and reduces blood flow, a process called stenosis. Over time, the narrowing limits perfusion and can lead to ischemic events such as heart attack or stroke depending on which artery is affected. This condition is distinct from an aneurysm, which is a bulging or dilation of the vessel wall; from thrombosis, which is a clot that can occlude a vessel (and may occur on plaques but is a separate process); and from varicose veins, which involve enlarged veins rather than arteries. Understanding the idea of plaque deposits causing the artery to shrink helps you recognize atherosclerosis as the correct description.