An abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive defects that include memory impairment.

• A. ecchymosis
• B. diabetes mellitus
• C. catatonia
• D. dementia

Answer: (D)

Dementia is a syndrome of progressive, widespread cognitive decline in multiple areas, with memory impairment usually being an early and prominent feature. It isn’t just one symptom but a collection of deficits across several domains—such as language, problem-solving, attention, orientation, and visuospatial skills—that together impair daily functioning. That combination matches the description of an abnormal condition marked by multiple cognitive defects that include memory impairment.

The other terms describe conditions that are not about cognitive decline: ecchymosis is bruising under the skin, diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder affecting blood sugar, and catatonia is a motor and behavioral syndrome.